What is a refractory metal
Release time:
2024-11-18
**Refractory metals**(Refractory Metals) are a class of metals with extremely high melting point, high hardness, and stable chemical properties. They are usually used in application scenarios that require high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and high strength. Refractory metals mainly include the following elements: **molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) and hafnium (Hf)* *. The common feature of these metals is that most of them have a melting point of more than 2000°C, which is the highest melting point in nature.
### **Characteristics of refractory metals * *
1. **High melting point**: Their melting points are among the best among metal elements, for example:
-Tungsten: 3410°C (highest among metals)
-Molybdenum: 2620°C
-: 2996 °C
2. **High strength and hardness**: Even at high temperatures, it can still maintain good mechanical properties.
3. **Good chemical stability**: Not easy to oxidize or react with other chemicals.
4. **Excellent thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity**: Suitable for scenarios with high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity requirements.
5. **Wear resistance and corrosion resistance**: Suitable for use in extreme environments.
### **Main purpose * *
-**Aerospace**: Used for rocket nozzles, spacecraft thermal shields and engine components.
-**Electronics Industry**: Fabrication of high-temperature electrodes, vacuum tube parts and semiconductor equipment.
-**Nuclear industry**: As a reactor component with high temperature and radiation resistance.
-**Moulds and Tools**: Used to make high temperature molds, cutters and drills.
-**Medical devices**: such as tantalum used in the manufacture of artificial joints and implants.
### **Introduction to Typical Refractory Metals * *
| **Elements** | **Symbols** | **Melting Point (°C)** | **Features** | **Common Uses** |
|----------|----------|----------------|----------------------------------|------------------------------|
| Tungsten | W | 3410 | High melting point, high strength, wear resistance | Filament, heat-resistant materials, aerospace components |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 2620 | High thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance | Semiconductor manufacturing, high temperature resistant alloys |
| Niobium | Nb | 2468 | Chemical resistance, superconducting properties | Superconducting magnets, corrosion resistant materials |
| Tantalum | Ta | 2996 | Strong corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility | Medical implants, capacitors |
| Hafnium | Hf | 2233 | Excellent neutron absorption performance | Nuclear reactor control rods, high temperature resistant materials |
Because of the difficulty of extraction and processing of these metals, they are called "refractory metals", and the price is usually higher, but their excellence makes them irreplaceable in the high-tech field.
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